High doppler channel performance enhancement

ABSTRACT

A base station may determine a Doppler metric associated with a wireless channel and a user equipment (UE). The Doppler metric may be determined from received information related to Doppler effects measured by the UE or from directly measured Doppler effects associated with uplink data received from the UE. Based on the determined Doppler metric, the base station may select one or both of a reference signal (RS) density and a channel estimation technique for the wireless channel and associated UE. The base station may transmit an indication of the RS density to the UE. Downlink data bursts and uplink data bursts may include RSs and data according to the indicated RS density. Further, the base station may transmit to the UE, an indication to communicate using the selected wireless channel estimation technique.

CROSS REFERENCES

The present Application for Patent is a Continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/461,368 by SUN et al., entitled “HIGH DOPPLERCHANNEL PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT” filed Mar. 16, 2017, which claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/325,946 by SUN,et al., entitled “HIGH DOPPLER CHANNEL PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT,” filedApr. 21, 2016, assigned to the assignee hereof.

BACKGROUND Field of the Disclosure

The following relates generally to wireless communication, and morespecifically to techniques for high Doppler channel performanceenhancement.

Description of Related Art

Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide varioustypes of communication content such as voice, video, packet data,messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable ofsupporting communication with multiple users by sharing the availablesystem resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of suchmultiple-access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA)systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequencydivision multiple access (FDMA) systems, and orthogonal frequencydivision multiple access (OFDMA) systems. A wireless multiple-accesscommunications system may include a number of base stations, eachsimultaneously supporting communication for multiple communicationdevices, which may each be referred to as a user equipment (UE).

A base station may support communication with several UEs over multiplewireless channels. Wireless channels associated with mobile UEs mayexperience high Doppler conditions compared to wireless channelsassociated with relatively stationary UEs. High Doppler conditions mayresult in challenges to signal demodulation. For example, communicationsbetween a UE and a base station may include the use of reference signals(RSs). In some instances, an RS may be used for wireless channelestimation. Channel estimates may be used to demodulate and decodesubsequent data portions following the RS. Thus, a high Dopplercondition may impact the use of RSs to demodulate and decode data.

In some cases, using a common RS density (e.g., RSs with a setperiodicity) across all wireless channels of a wireless communicationssystem may result in decreased decoding performance for high Dopplerchannels, in addition to unnecessary overhead for low Doppler channels.Further, using RSs for either causal or non-causal channel estimationsacross all wireless channels of a wireless communications system mayresult in decreased decoding accuracy for high Doppler channels, inaddition to unnecessary latencies in low Doppler channels.

SUMMARY

A device (e.g., a base station, an ancillary system associated with abase station, etc.) may determine a Doppler metric associated with awireless channel and a user equipment (UE). The Doppler metric may bedetermined from received information related to Doppler effects measuredby the UE or from directly measured Doppler effects associated withuplink (UL) data received from the UE. Based at least in part on thedetermined Doppler metric, the device may select one or both of areference signal (RS) density (e.g., a UE-specific RS density, an RSdensity scheme different from a common RS or cell-specific RS (CRS)scheme, etc.) and an RS pattern (e.g., a pattern where an RS portion isat the beginning of each transmission time interval (TTI) in a frame,and a pattern where an RS portion is at the beginning of each TTI in aframe except for a last TTI, which has a first RS portion at thebeginning of the last TTI and a second RS portion at the end of the lastTTI). The RS pattern may be associated with a particular wirelesschannel estimation technique for the wireless channel and associated UE.The device may transmit an indication of the RS density to the UE inaddition to a downlink (DL) burst to the UE including RSs and dataaccording to the indicated RS density. The UE may additionally transmitan UL burst according to the indicated RS density. Further, the devicemay transmit to the UE, an indication to communicate using the selectedwireless channel estimation technique.

A method of wireless communication is described. The method may includedetermining a Doppler metric associated with a wireless channel and aUE, selecting a first reference signal density configuration based atleast in part on the Doppler metric and transmitting, by a base stationto the UE, an indication of the first reference signal densityconfiguration.

An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus mayinclude means for determining a Doppler metric associated with awireless channel and a UE, means for selecting a first reference signaldensity configuration based at least in part on the Doppler metric, andmeans for transmitting an indication of the first reference signaldensity configuration.

A further apparatus is described. The apparatus may include a processor,memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructionsstored in the memory. The instructions may be operable to cause theapparatus to determine a Doppler metric associated with a wirelesschannel and a UE, select a first reference signal density configurationbased at least in part on the Doppler metric, and transmit an indicationof the first reference signal density configuration.

A non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication isdescribed. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may includeinstructions to cause a processor to determine a Doppler metricassociated with a wireless channel and a UE, select a first referencesignal density configuration based on the Doppler metric, and transmitan indication of the first reference signal density configuration.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for transmitting a DL data burstincluding reference signals and data in accordance with the firstreference signal density configuration. Some examples of the method,apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable medium described abovemay further include processes, features, means, or instructions forreceiving a UL data burst including reference signals and data inaccordance with the first reference signal density configuration.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, determining the Doppler metricincludes measuring Doppler effects associated with UL data received fromthe UE. Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for determining the Doppler metricbased on the Doppler effects associated with the UL data received fromthe UE.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, determining the Doppler metricincludes receiving information related to Doppler effects measured bythe UE. Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for determining the Doppler metricbased on the information related to the Doppler effects measured by theUE.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, determining the Doppler metricincludes receiving an indication of the Doppler metric from the UE. Insome examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, selecting the first referencesignal density configuration includes identifying a first Dopplerclassification associated with the Doppler metric. Some examples of themethod, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable medium describedabove may further include processes, features, means, or instructionsfor selecting the first reference signal density configuration from aset of reference signal density configurations based on the firstDoppler classification.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, transmitting the indication ofthe first reference signal density configuration includes transmitting,via a signaling radio bearer (SRB) channel, the indication of the firstreference signal density configuration. In some examples of the method,apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable medium described above,transmitting the indication of the first reference signal densityconfiguration includes transmitting, via a resource grant to the UE, theindication of the first reference signal density configuration.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for determining an additional Dopplermetric associated with the wireless channel and the UE. Some examples ofthe method, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable mediumdescribed above may further include processes, features, means, orinstructions for determining that the additional Doppler metricindicates a higher Doppler shift value than the Doppler metric. Someexamples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readablemedium described above may further include processes, features, means,or instructions for determining a second reference signal densityconfiguration based on the additional Doppler metric, the secondreference signal density configuration having more reference signals pertransmit time interval than the first reference signal densityconfiguration.

A method of wireless communication is described. The method may includereceiving, by a UE, an indication of a first reference signal densityconfiguration associated with a Doppler metric and communicating with abase station in accordance with the first reference signal densityconfiguration.

An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus mayinclude means for receiving an indication of a first reference signaldensity configuration associated with a Doppler metric and means forcommunicating with a base station in accordance with the first referencesignal density configuration.

A further apparatus is described. The apparatus may include a processor,memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructionsstored in the memory. The instructions may be operable to cause theapparatus to receive an indication of a first reference signal densityconfiguration associated with a Doppler metric and communicate with abase station in accordance with the first reference signal densityconfiguration.

A non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication isdescribed. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may includeinstructions to cause a processor to receive an indication of a firstreference signal density configuration associated with a Doppler metricand communicate with a base station in accordance with the firstreference signal density configuration.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for transmitting information related toDoppler effects measured by the UE. Some examples of the method,apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable medium described abovemay further include processes, features, means, or instructions fortransmitting an indication of a first Doppler metric for determiningwhether to change reference signal density configurations.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication of oneor more supportable reference signal density configurations. In someexamples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readablemedium described above, communicating with the base station includestransmitting a UL data burst including reference signals and data inaccordance with the first reference signal density configuration.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, communicating with the basestation includes receiving a first downlink data burst includingreference signals and data in accordance with the first reference signaldensity configuration. Some examples of the method, apparatus, ornon-transitory computer-readable medium described above may furtherinclude processes, features, means, or instructions for decoding thefirst DL data burst based on the first reference signal densityconfiguration.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for receiving an indication of a secondreference signal density configuration different from the firstreference signal density configuration, the second reference signaldensity configuration having more reference signals per transmit timeinterval than the first reference signal density configuration. Someexamples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readablemedium described above may further include processes, features, means,or instructions for receiving a second DL data burst including referencesignals and data in accordance with the second reference signal densityconfiguration. Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for decoding the second DL data burstbased on the second reference signal density configuration.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for transmitting an indication of asuggested reference signal density configuration. In some examples ofthe method, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable mediumdescribed above, receiving the indication of the first reference signaldensity configuration includes receiving, via an SRB channel, theindication of the first reference signal density configuration.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, receiving the indication ofthe first reference signal density configuration includes receiving, viaa resource grant from the base station, the indication of the firstreference signal density configuration.

A method of wireless communication is described. The method may includedetermining a Doppler condition associated with a wireless channel and aUE, selecting, from a plurality of wireless channel estimationtechniques and based at least in part on the Doppler condition, awireless channel estimation technique associated with communicating withthe UE and transmitting, by a base station to the UE, an indication tocommunicate using the wireless channel estimation technique.

An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus mayinclude means for determining a Doppler condition associated with awireless channel and a UE, means for selecting, from a plurality ofwireless channel estimation techniques and based at least in part on theDoppler condition, a wireless channel estimation technique associatedwith communicating with the UE and means for transmitting an indicationto communicate using the wireless channel estimation technique.

A further apparatus is described. The apparatus may include a processor,memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructionsstored in the memory. The instructions may be operable to cause theapparatus to determine a Doppler condition associated with a wirelesschannel and a UE, select, from a plurality of wireless channelestimation techniques and based at least in part on the Dopplercondition, a wireless channel estimation technique associated withcommunicating with the UE and transmit an indication to communicateusing the wireless channel estimation technique.

A non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication isdescribed. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may includeinstructions to cause a processor to determine a Doppler conditionassociated with a wireless channel and a UE, select, from a set ofwireless channel estimation techniques and based on the Dopplercondition, a wireless channel estimation technique associated withcommunicating with the UE and transmit an indication to communicateusing the wireless channel estimation technique.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, selecting the wireless channelestimation technique includes determining that the Doppler condition isbelow a threshold (e.g., satisfies a threshold). Some examples of themethod, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable medium describedabove may further include processes, features, means, or instructionsfor selecting a causal wireless channel estimation technique as thewireless channel estimation technique.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, selecting the wireless channelestimation technique includes determining that the Doppler condition isabove a threshold (e.g., satisfies a threshold). Some examples of themethod, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable medium describedabove may further include processes, features, means, or instructionsfor selecting a non-causal wireless channel estimation technique as thewireless channel estimation technique.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for transmitting a DL data burstincluding reference signals and data such that a first set of referencesignals and a second set of reference signals are included in a last TTIof the DL data burst.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for transmitting a DL data burstincluding reference signals and data such that a last TTI of the DL databurst for the UE is not scheduled in a last TTI of a DL transmissionperiod that includes other UEs. Some examples of the method, apparatus,or non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may furtherinclude processes, features, means, or instructions for receiving an ULdata burst including reference signals and data such that a first set ofreference signals and a second set of reference signals are included ina last TTI of the UL data burst.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, transmitting the indication tocommunicate using the wireless channel estimation technique includestransmitting, via a DL SRB channel, the indication to communicate usingthe wireless channel estimation technique.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, transmitting the indication tocommunicate using the wireless channel estimation technique includestransmitting, via a resource grant to the UE, the indication tocommunicate using the wireless channel estimation technique. In someexamples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readablemedium described above, transmitting the indication to communicate usingthe wireless channel estimation technique includes transmitting, via oneor more bits associated with downlink control information (DCI), theindication to communicate using the wireless channel estimationtechnique.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for receiving a request to switch tocommunicating using a non-causal wireless channel estimation technique.Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for receiving, via an UL SRB channel, arequest to switch to communicating using the non-causal wireless channelestimation technique.

A method of wireless communication is described. The method may includereceiving, by a UE, a first indication to communicate using a causalwireless channel estimation technique associated with a first Dopplercondition and determining to switch from the causal wireless channelestimation technique to a non-causal wireless channel estimationtechnique for communicating with a base station.

An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus mayinclude means for receiving a first indication to communicate using acausal wireless channel estimation technique associated with a firstDoppler condition and means for determining to switch from the causalwireless channel estimation technique to a non-causal wireless channelestimation technique for communicating with a base station.

A further apparatus is described. The apparatus may include a processor,memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructionsstored in the memory. The instructions may be operable to cause theapparatus to receive a first indication to communicate using a causalwireless channel estimation technique associated with a first Dopplercondition and determine to switch from the causal wireless channelestimation technique to a non-causal wireless channel estimationtechnique for communicating with a base station.

A non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication isdescribed. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may includeinstructions to cause a processor to receive a first indication tocommunicate using a causal wireless channel estimation techniqueassociated with a first Doppler condition and determine to switch fromthe causal wireless channel estimation technique to a non-causalwireless channel estimation technique for communicating with a basestation.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, determining to switch from thecausal wireless channel estimation technique to the non-causal wirelesschannel estimation technique includes receiving a second indication tocommunicate using the non-causal wireless channel estimation techniqueassociated with a second Doppler condition different from the firstDoppler condition. Some examples of the method, apparatus, ornon-transitory computer-readable medium described above may furtherinclude processes, features, means, or instructions for switching fromthe causal wireless channel estimation technique to the non-causalwireless channel estimation technique for communicating with the basestation.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for receiving a first DL data burstincluding reference signals and data in accordance with the causalwireless channel estimation technique. Some examples of the method,apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable medium described abovemay further include processes, features, means, or instructions fordecoding the first DL data burst using the causal wireless channelestimation technique. Some examples of the method, apparatus, ornon-transitory computer-readable medium described above may furtherinclude processes, features, means, or instructions for receiving asecond data burst including reference signals and data in accordancewith the non-causal wireless channel estimation technique. Some examplesof the method, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable mediumdescribed above may further include processes, features, means, orinstructions for decoding the second data burst using the non-causalwireless channel estimation technique.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for transmitting a first UL data burstincluding reference signals and data in accordance with the causalwireless channel estimation technique. Some examples of the method,apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable medium described abovemay further include processes, features, means, or instructions fortransmitting a second UL data burst including reference signals and datain accordance with the non-causal wireless channel estimation technique.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for transmitting a request to switch tocommunication using the non-causal wireless channel estimationtechnique.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for transmitting, via a UL SRB channel,a request to switch to communicating using the non-causal wirelesschannel estimation technique. In some examples of the method, apparatus,or non-transitory computer-readable medium described above, determiningto switch from the causal wireless channel estimation technique includesdetermining, based on Doppler effects measured by the UE, that a Dopplercondition is above a threshold (e.g., satisfies a threshold), theDoppler condition being associated with a wireless channel and the UE.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, determining to switch from thecausal wireless channel estimation technique includes receiving anindication to communicate using the non-causal wireless channelestimation technique. In some examples of the method, apparatus, ornon-transitory computer-readable medium described above, determining toswitch from the causal wireless channel estimation technique includesreceiving, via a DL SRB channel, an indication to communicate using thenon-causal wireless channel estimation technique.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, or non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, determining to switch from thecausal wireless channel estimation technique includes receiving, via aresource grant from the base station, an indication to communicate usingthe non-causal wireless channel estimation technique. In some examplesof the method, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable mediumdescribed above, determining to switch from the causal wireless channelestimation technique includes receiving, via one or more bits associatedwith DCI, an indication to communicate using the non-causal wirelesschannel estimation technique.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technicaladvantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that thedetailed description that follows may be better understood. Additionalfeatures and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conceptionand specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis formodifying or designing other structures for carrying out the samepurposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do notdepart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of theconcepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method ofoperation, together with associated advantages will be better understoodfrom the following description when considered in connection with theaccompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purpose ofillustration and description only, and not as a definition of the limitsof the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system thatsupports high Doppler channel performance enhancement in accordance withaspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system thatsupports high Doppler channel performance enhancement in accordance withaspects of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate examples of reference signal (RS) densityconfigurations that support high Doppler channel performance enhancementin accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate examples of wireless channel estimationconfigurations that support high Doppler channel performance enhancementin accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate examples of process flows in systems thatsupport high Doppler channel performance enhancement in accordance withaspects of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 6 through 8 show diagrams of a wireless device that supports highDoppler channel performance enhancement in accordance with aspects ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 9 illustrates a diagram of a system including a base station thatsupports high Doppler channel performance enhancement in accordance withaspects of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 10 through 12 show diagrams of a wireless device that supportshigh Doppler channel performance enhancement in accordance with aspectsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 illustrates a diagram of a system including a user equipment(UE) that supports high Doppler channel performance enhancement inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and

FIGS. 14 through 24 illustrate methods for high Doppler channelperformance enhancement in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The described features generally relate to improved systems, methods,and devices for demodulating and decoding data in wireless channelshaving high and varying Doppler conditions. Changes to one or both of areference signal (RS) density and an RS pattern may be performed basedat least in part on a detected Doppler condition. The RS pattern may beassociated with a particular wireless channel estimation technique of awireless channel. For example, the RS pattern for interpolation ofchannel estimates (e.g., non-causal estimates) may include an RS at thebeginning of each TTI in a frame except for a last TTI, which has afirst RS at the beginning of the last TTI and a second RS at the end ofthe last TTI. RSs may be located at the beginning of a subframe and maybe followed by data. Therefore, channel estimation may be performedfirst, followed by data demodulation and decoding (e.g., after channelestimation, a user equipment (UE) may enter data demodulation anddecoding mode). To support higher Doppler conditions, an RS scheme maybe repeated periodically to enable channel estimation with updated RSs.The refreshed channel estimates may be used for data demodulation in thedata portion that generally follows before the next RS is repeated. RSdensity may define the periodicity of RSs and may be determined based atleast in part on Doppler conditions or system requirements. Multiple RSdensity modes may be signaled to a UE depending on the Dopplerconditions. For example, for high Doppler conditions, a high RS densitymay be used. The RS density may further be configurable by a UE and/or abase station as a function of Doppler conditions.

Channel estimation techniques may also depend on a Doppler condition. Inthe case of high Doppler conditions, interpolation of channel estimates(e.g., non-causal estimates) may be implemented. In the case of lowDoppler conditions, extrapolation of channel estimates (e.g., causalestimates) may be implemented. The ability to change between causal(interpolation) and non-causal (extrapolation) techniques may providefor more effective data demodulation when the wireless channel varies.Thus, a configurable wireless channel estimation technique anddemodulation and decoding processing timeline to enable switchingbetween causal and non-causal channel processing may be implemented. Insome examples, channel estimation techniques may be linked with aparticular RS density or RS pattern such that determining whether to usecausal and non-causal channel processing is based at least in part onone or both of an RS density or an RS pattern. Radio resource control(RRC) signaling may be used to configure a UE into non-causal mode, andmay apply to both downlink (DL) and uplink (UL). Changes in the RSpattern involving the data structure of a burst (e.g., a transmission ofa contiguous sequence of symbols) to a particular UE and a scheduler forscheduling data for that particular UE (e.g., to avoid scheduling datafor a UE in a last TTI of a DL transmission period (e.g., a predefinedDL transmission period that includes other UEs) when that UE isoperating in the non-causal mode) may be implemented when usingnon-causal channel estimates for demodulating and decoding data toensure timely processing of the data. By avoiding scheduling data for aUE in a last TTI in a predefined DL transmission period when that UE isoperating in the non-causal mode, sufficient time is provided for thatUE to perform the non-causal channel estimation and subsequentdemodulating and decoding data of the received data prior to a time whenacknowledgment messages are to be sent on a subsequent UL transmissionframe.

Doppler estimating techniques (e.g., Doppler detection based on physical(PHY) layer algorithms) may be used by a base station or a UE forDoppler measurements. Therefore, Doppler estimation techniques may beuseful in determining both an RS density as well as an RS pattern andwhether to use causal or non-causal channel estimation techniques.Selection of the RS density mode may depend on Doppler measurements orUE capabilities. RSs may be used to perform causal channel estimates(e.g., causal mode) or non-causal channel estimates (e.g., non-causalmode). Wireless systems may be designed to support both causal mode andnon-causal mode timelines.

Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of awireless communication system. Examples of wireless communicationssystems supporting high Doppler channel performance enhancement are thendescribed, in addition to RS density configurations and wireless channelestimation configurations. Aspects of the disclosure are furtherillustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams,system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to high Doppler channelperformance enhancement.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The wirelesscommunications system 100 includes base stations 105, UEs 115, and acore network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network.Wireless communications system 100 may further support high Dopplerchannel performance enhancements.

Wireless communications system 100 may support enhanced componentcarriers (eCCs) and similar carrier aggregation schemes. Physicaldownlink shared channels (PDSCH) and physical uplink shared channels(PUSCH) may be designed to maximize decoding speed in wirelesscommunications system 100. The maximum data rate may be increased andturnaround time may be reduced when utilizing PDSCH and PUSCH.

RSs may be located at the beginning of a subframe or transmit timeinterval (TTI) and may be followed by data. Channel estimation may beperformed first, followed by data demodulation and decoding (e.g., afterchannel estimation, a UE 115 may enter a data demodulation and decodingmode). To support higher Doppler conditions, the RS may be repeatedperiodically (e.g., every 40 μs 100 μs, 200 μs, 400 μs, etc.) at a ratethat is faster than that typically used for lower Doppler conditions.Repetition of an RS allows the performance of channel estimation withupdated RSs. The refreshed channel estimates (e.g., performed with morerecent RSs) may be used for data demodulation in the data portion thatfollows before the next RS is repeated. The more frequent extrapolationof the channel estimation may provide for more effective datademodulation and decoding when the wireless channel varies. For example,for high Doppler conditions, a high RS density (e.g., RSs repeated withshorter periodicity) may be used. The RS density may further beconfigurable by one or both of a UE 115 and a base station 105.

Additionally, techniques for channel estimates may also be configurable,based on Doppler conditions. In the case of high Doppler, interpolationof channel estimates (e.g., non-causal estimates) may be implementedinstead of extrapolation of channel estimates (e.g., causal estimates).Non-causal channel estimates may result in higher decoding delay. Aconfigurable wireless channel estimation technique and demodulation anddecoding processing timeline to enable switching between causal andnon-causal channel processing may be implemented.

Base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with UEs 115 via one ormore base station antennas. Each base station 105 may providecommunication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110.Communication links 125 shown in wireless communications system 100 mayinclude UL transmissions from a UE 115 to a base station 105, or DLtransmissions, from a base station 105 to a UE 115. UEs 115 may bedispersed throughout the wireless communications system 100, and each UE115 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 115 may also be referred to as amobile station, a subscriber station, a remote unit, a wireless device,an access terminal (AT), a handset, a user agent, a client, or liketerminology. A UE 115 may also be a cellular phone, a wireless modem, ahandheld device, a personal computer, a tablet, a personal electronicdevice, an machine type communication (MTC) device, etc.

Base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130 and with oneanother. For example, base stations 105 may interface with the corenetwork 130 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., S1, etc.). Base stations105 may communicate with one another over backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2,etc.) either directly or indirectly (e.g., through core network 130).Base stations 105 may perform radio configuration and scheduling forcommunication with UEs 115, or may operate under the control of a basestation controller (not shown). In some examples, base stations 105 maybe macro cells, small cells, hot spots, or the like. Base stations 105may also be referred to as eNodeBs (eNBs) 105.

A base station 105 may insert periodic pilot symbols such ascell-specific reference signals (CRSs) to aid UEs 115 in channelestimation and coherent demodulation. CRS may include one of 504different cell identities. They may be modulated using quadrature phaseshift keying (QPSK) and power boosted (e.g., transmitted at 6 dB higherthan the surrounding data elements) to make them resilient to noise andinterference. CRS may be embedded in 4 to 16 resource elements (REs) ineach resource block (RB) based on the number of antenna ports or layers(up to 4) of the receiving UEs 115.

In addition to CRS, which may be utilized by all UEs 115 in the coveragearea 110 of the base station 105, demodulation reference signal (DMRS)may be directed toward specific UEs 115 and may be transmitted only onRBs assigned to those UEs115. DMRS may include signals on 6 REs in eachRB in which they are transmitted. The DMRS for different antenna portsmay each utilize the same 6 REs, and may be distinguished usingdifferent orthogonal cover codes (e.g., masking each signal with adifferent combination of 1 or −1 in different REs). In some cases, twosets of DMRS may be transmitted in adjoining REs. In some cases,additional reference signals known as channel state information (CSI)reference signals (CSI-RS) may be included to aid in generating CSI. Onthe UL, a UE 115 may transmit a combination of periodic soundingreference signal (SRS) and UL DMRS for link adaptation and demodulation,respectively.

In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may utilize enhancedcomponent carriers (eCCs). An eCC may be characterized by one or morefeatures including, but not limited to: wider bandwidth, shorter symbolduration, shorter TTIs, and modified control channel configuration. Insome cases, an eCC may be associated with a carrier aggregation (CA)configuration or a dual connectivity configuration (e.g., when multipleserving cells have a suboptimal or non-ideal backhaul link). An eCC mayalso be configured for use in unlicensed spectrum or shared spectrum(where more than one operator is allowed to use the spectrum). An eCCcharacterized by wide bandwidth may include one or more segments thatmay be utilized by UEs 115 that are not capable of monitoring the wholebandwidth or prefer to use a limited bandwidth (e.g., to conservepower).

In some cases, an eCC may utilize a different symbol duration than othercomponent carriers (CCs), which may include use of a reduced symbolduration as compared with symbol durations of the other CCs. A shortersymbol duration is associated with increased subcarrier spacing. Adevice, such as a UE 115 or base station 105, utilizing eCCs maytransmit wideband signals (e.g., 20, 40, 60, 80 Mhz, etc.) at reducedsymbol durations (e.g., 16.67 microseconds). A TTI in eCC may consist ofone or multiple symbols. In some cases, the TTI duration (that is, thenumber of symbols in a TTI) may be variable.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 200 inwhich high Doppler channel performance enhancement techniques may beperformed. Wireless communications system 200 may include base station105-a and UE 115-a, which may be examples of the corresponding devicesdescribed with reference to FIG. 1. Wireless communications system 200supports changing RS density configurations and changing wirelesschannel estimation techniques (as well as RS pattern configurations)associated with wireless communication via wireless channel 205. Thechanging of one or both of RS density configurations and RS patternconfigurations for use with wireless channel estimation techniques maybe based at least in part on measured or determined Doppler effectsassociated with the wireless channel 205. It is understood that the RSdensity configurations and RS pattern configurations disclosed hereinmay apply to various types of reference signals, such as but not limitedto CSI-RS and DMRS sequences. In a non-limiting scenario, a UE 115-a maybe inside a mobile vehicle 150 moving relative to base station 105-a(e.g., movement 152). The movement 152 of UE 115-a may result in highDoppler condition of wireless channel 205. Additionally, a rate of themovement 152 of UE-115 may vary during the time in which wirelesschannel 205 is utilized for wireless communication, thereby frequentlychanging the Doppler condition.

RS density may define the periodicity of RSs and may be determined basedat least in part on Doppler conditions (e.g., measured or determinedDoppler effects on wireless channel 205) or system requirements (e.g.,capabilities of the UE). A higher RS density may result in more accuratechannel estimation and increased decoding performance. For example, ifDoppler effects are high, the decoding performance with one RS per 4orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols may be greaterthan the decoding performance with one RS per 8 OFDM symbols.Alternatively, a lower RS density may result in decreased overhead. Timedomain RS density may be applied for high Doppler channels. RS densitymay further be determined based at least in part on performance andoverhead requirements.

RS density may be configurable as a function of measured or determinedDoppler effects. An RS configuration may have RSs at the beginning ofeach TTI. A High Doppler mode may additionally configure RSs in themiddle of each TTI or at certain intervals in each TTI. RS density maystart at a default value and, if a base station determines that theDoppler is high, may switch to High Doppler mode (e.g., the density ofRSs in a subsequent TTI is increased from a previously density of RSs ina prior TTI having a same size as the subsequent TTI). In someimplementations, wireless communications system 200 may include multipleRS density configurations or modes associated with various levels ofDoppler conditions.

An RS density mode may be signaled to UE 115-a based at least in part ondetermining a particular Doppler condition. An RS density mode may besignaled to UE 115-a and processing may be performed according to thesignaled RS density mode. The RS density mode may be signaled to UE115-a in various ways. For example, the RS density mode may be signaledto UE 115-a via RRC signaling. Further, the RS density mode may bephysical downlink control channel (PDCCH) based. The RS density mode maybe included in the grant to allow for dynamic changing of the RSdensity.

Selection of the RS density mode may depend on Doppler measurements orUE 115-a capabilities. Doppler estimating algorithms may be used by basestation 105-a or UE 115-a for Doppler measurements. Doppler measurementsmay be used for selection of the RS density mode. Further, UE 115-a maynot support all RS density modes, in which case, UE 115-a may signal RScapacity or supported RS density modes to base station 105-a. UE 115-amay have different channel estimation algorithms that can handle Dopplerconditions differently. For example, UE 115-a may be capable of dataaided channel estimation and may be able to handle higher Dopplerconditions given the same RS density. In this case, UE 115-a maydirectly signal an RS density suggestion (e.g., instead of Dopplerconditions or measurements thereof) to account for the difference in theUE 115-a receiver structure.

RSs may be used to perform causal channel estimates (e.g., causal mode)or non-causal channel estimates (e.g., non-causal mode). In causal mode,the channel estimation, channel demodulation, and channel decoding maybegin after the first RS (e.g., the RS prior to the data portion).Causal mode may support symbol-by-symbol processing for the dataportion. An RS immediately preceding a data portion in a frame may beused to estimate a channel, and that channel estimation may then be usedfor demodulation and decoding data in the data portion that follows. Inthe non-causal mode, the channel estimation, channel demodulation, andchannel decoding may be delayed until reception of a second RS followinga data portion. This second RS, which is to be used with a first RS toascertain a channel estimate, may be positioned at a beginning portionof a next TTI or may be an added portion proximal to an end of a lastTTI. In this manner, a channel estimation may be determined based atleast in part on both the first RS and the second RS, and that channelestimation may be used in demodulation and decoding data in the dataportion positioned between the first RS and the second RS.

Wireless communications system 200 may be designed to support bothcausal mode and non-causal mode timelines (e.g., for wireless channel205). For low Doppler channel conditions, causal mode may be used forincreased turn around. For high Doppler channel conditions, non-causalmode may be used for more accurate channel estimation. Wireless channelswith high Doppler conditions may have lower data rates compared tochannels with low Doppler conditions in the same system. Lower datarates may result in faster decoding in non-causal mode as there may beless data to decode. Wireless communications system 200 may employ acausal mode with RS inserted at the beginning of every period (e.g.,every 400 μs). When UE 115-a is detected to be in high Dopplerconditions, UE 115-a may switch to a non-causal mode. Another set of RSsmay be added at the end of the burst for UE 115-a (e.g., a last TTI of aplurality of TTIs in the burst scheduled for UE 115-a). In thenon-causal mode, because the demodulating and decoding timeline of adata portion between a first RS and second RS is delayed (i.e., thechannel estimation process is delayed until both the first RS and secondRS are received), a lower data rate associated with the data portionsmay be used in the non-causal mode than the data rate associated withthe data portions in the causal mode so that the data may be properlydemodulated and decoded in high Doppler conditions. sufficient time todetermine proper receipt of the received data and transmitacknowledgment messages within an appropriate response time. Similarly,in some cases, data for a UE operating in the non-causal mode is notscheduled for a last TTI of a predefined DL transmission period so thatenough time is provided for the delayed demodulating and decodingprocessing timeline associated with the non-causal mode for transmittingacknowledgment messages within an appropriate response time (e.g.,transmitting acknowledgment messages in an UL transmission that followsthe end of the DL transmission). For example, a scheduler (e.g., ascheduling component of a base station) may avoid scheduling data for aUE operating in the non-causal mode in a last TTI of a predefined DLtransmission period and may use the last TTI of the predefined DLtransmission period to schedule data for another UE that is operating inthe causal mode.

RRC signaling may be used to configure UE 115-a into non-causal mode andmay apply to both DL and UL. After switching to non-causal mode, thebase station transmitter (e.g., the transmitter of base station 105-a)may transmit an additional RS at the end of the burst (e.g., such that alast TTI has two RS portions), and the receiver of UE 115-a may beconfigured to use the additional RS and switch to the non-causalprocessing scheme (e.g., having a different demodulation and decodingtimeline for the data in a burst from the causal processing scheme). Theconfigurable wireless channel estimation technique (and associateddemodulation and decoding processing timeline) may be dynamicallysignaled with DL/UL grants in PDCCH. One or more bits in downlinkcontrol information (DCI) may indicate to UE 115-a that there is anotherset of RS at the end of the last TTI of scheduled to burst and that UE115-a may switch to non-causal mode. The indication may also signal thatUE 115-a may not be provided data in the last TTI in DL, and thereforewill have enough time to complete demodulation and decoding processingof the received data.

As such, special considerations (e.g., avoiding scheduling data in alast TTI of a DL transmission) may be made for UE 115-a operating in thenon-causal mode so that subsequent feedback operations (e.g.,transmitting acknowledgements) may be timely performed due to theincreased demodulation and decoding processing timeline associated withdetermining non-causal channel estimates. Accordingly, in some cases, ascheduler may avoid scheduling data for UE 115-a in the last TTI of apredefined DL transmission period when UE 115-a is operating in thenon-causal mode. For TTIs that are transmitted earlier in a burst for UE115-a (i.e., not the last TTI for UE 115-a), UE 115-a, when operating inthe non-casual mode, will use the RS at the beginning of an earlier TTIand a subsequent RS at the beginning of a next TTI to perform anon-causal channel estimation that is used to demodulate and decode adata portion of the earlier TTI. For the last TTI in the burst for UE115-a, UE 115-a will use a first RS at the beginning of the last TTI anda second RS at the end of the last TTI to perform a non-causal channelestimation that is used to demodulate and decode a data portion of thelast TTI. As the DL burst with data for UE 115-a is not scheduled in alast TTI of the DL transmission, UE 115-a may report acknowledgment(ACK)/negative-acknowledgment (NACK) messages in a timely manner. ForUL, base station 105-a may control the time to send ACK/NACK messages.As such, base station 105-a (or UE 115-a) may decide to schedule UE115-a to send a full UL burst (e.g., include data in a last TTI of an ULtransmission).

FIG. 3A illustrates an example of an RS density configuration 300-a thatmay be used in performing high Doppler channel performance enhancementtechniques. In some cases, RS density configuration 300-a may representaspects of techniques performed by a UE 115 or base station 105 asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 1-2. In some cases, RS densityconfiguration 300-a may be configured as a low Doppler mode when lowDoppler effects are either measured by a UE 115 or determined by a basestation 105.

RS density configuration 300-a may have an RS at the beginning of eachTTI in a burst. The RS density configuration 300-a may further includedata portions following each RS. For example, a first TTI may include RS305-a and data portion 310-a. RS 305-a may be used to make a channelestimate 315-a. Channel estimate 315-a may be determined and used todemodulate or decode the subsequent data portion 310-a. This channelestimation process may be continued for each RS and data portion in thereceived burst.

FIG. 3B illustrates an example of an RS density configuration 300-b thatmay be used in performing high Doppler channel performance enhancementtechniques high Doppler channel performance enhancement. In some cases,RS density configuration 300-b may represent aspects of techniquesperformed by a UE 115 or base station 105 as described with reference toFIGS. 1-2. In some cases, RS density configuration 300-b may beconfigured as a high Doppler mode when high Doppler effects are eithermeasured by a UE 115 or determined by a base station 105.

RS density configuration 300-b may have an RS at the beginning of eachTTI in addition to an RS in the middle of each TTI. The RS densityconfiguration 300-b may further include data portions following each RS.That is, the RSs of RS density configuration 300-b may have a shorterperiodicity than the RSs of RS density configuration 300-a (e.g., wherea duration of the TTIs of a burst using RS density configurations 300-a,300-b is the same). The shorter RS periodicity of RS densityconfiguration 300-b may result in more accurate channel estimates 315for demodulating or decoding subsequent data portions associated withchanging channel conditions (e.g., Doppler conditions).

For example, a first TTI may include RS 305-a, data portion 310-b, RS305-c, and data portion 310-c. RS 305-b may be used to make a channelestimate 315-b. Channel estimate 315-b may be used to demodulate ordecode the subsequent data portion 310-b of the TTI. RS 305-c may thenbe used to make channel estimate 315-c. Channel estimate 315-c may beused to demodulate or decode subsequent data portion 310-c. This channelestimation process in which multiple channel estimates per TTI areperformed may be continued for each RS and data portion in the receivedburst.

FIG. 4A illustrates an example of a wireless channel estimationconfiguration 400-a that may be used in performing high Doppler channelperformance enhancement techniques. In some cases, wireless channelestimation configuration 400-a may represent aspects of wireless channelestimation techniques performed by a UE 115 or base station 105 asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 1-2.

Wireless channel estimation configuration 400-a illustrates an RSpattern with which RSs are used for causal channel estimates (e.g.,causal mode). Wireless channel estimation configuration 400-a may havean RS at the beginning of each TTI. The wireless channel estimationconfiguration 400-a may further include data portions following each RS.For example, a first TTI may include RS 405-a and data portion 410a. RS405-a may be used to make a channel estimate 415-a. Channel estimate415-a may be used to demodulate or decode the subsequent data portion410-a. This channel estimation process may be continued for each RS anddata portion in the received burst. Additionally or alternatively, inthe causal mode, each TTI may include multiple RS and data portions, andchannel estimation and associated demodulation and decoding may beperformed similar to that described with reference to FIG. 3B.

FIG. 4B illustrates an example of a wireless channel estimationconfiguration 400-b that may be used in performing high Doppler channelperformance enhancement techniques. In some cases, wireless channelestimation configuration 400-b may represent aspects of wireless channelestimation techniques performed by a UE 115 or base station 105 asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 1-2.

Wireless channel estimation configuration 400-b illustrates an RSpattern with which RSs are used for non-causal channel estimates (e.g.,non-causal mode). Wireless channel estimation configuration 400-b mayhave an RS at the beginning of each TTI. The wireless channel estimationconfiguration 400-b may further include data portions following each RS405.

For example, a first TTI may include RS 405-b and data portion 410-b,and a second TT1 may include RS 405-c and data portion 410-c. RS 405-band RS 405-c may be used to make a channel estimate 415-b (e.g.,interpolation of channel estimates). Channel estimate 415-b may be usedto demodulate or decode the intermediate data portion 410-b (e.g., thedata portion 410-b of the first TTI between RS 405-b and RS 405-c).Subsequently, RS 405-c and the RS of the next TTI may be used to make achannel estimate 415-c (e.g., interpolation of channel estimates).Channel estimate 415-c may be used to demodulate or decode theintermediate data portion 410-c.

In some examples, a last TTI may include RS 405-d, data portion 410-d,and RS 405-e. In this manner, RS 405-e is be added to an end of the lastTTI in the burst of a particular data transmission. RS 405-e may beadded to the end of the transmission burst in order to interpolate achannel estimate 415-d for the final data portion 410-d in the burst. Inthis regard, an RS pattern used in the non-causal mode can be defined asincluding at least one TTI that has a different number of RS portionsthan another TTI in a burst for a particular UE in a given contiguoustransmission period (e.g., a predefined DL transmission period or apredefined UL transmission period). In some cases (e.g., when high datarates are employed in DL transmissions), a scheduler may not scheduledata in data portion 410-d for a UE in the last TTI of a predefined DLtransmission period (e.g., as defined by a specific LTE Release) toallow additional time for demodulation and decoding processing databefore acknowledgment messages (e.g., ACK/NACK) must be transmitted(e.g., transmitted on a particular UL channel to a base station).

Additionally or alternatively, RS density configuration 300-b (asdescribed with respect to FIG. 3B) having multiple RSs and data portionsmay be utilized in the non-causal channel estimation process describedwith respect to FIG. 4B. For example, the RS and data portion structureof a last TTI in RS density configuration 300-b may be modified toinclude an additional RS at the end of the last TTI of a burst.

FIG. 5A illustrates an example of a process flow 500-a for high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure. Process flow 500-a may include base station105-b and UE 115-b, which may be examples of the corresponding devicesdescribed with reference to FIG. 1-2.

At operation 505-a, UE 115-b may send an UL transmission to base station105-b. The UL transmission may include UL data and/or informationrelated to Doppler effects measured by UE 115-b.

At operation 510-a, base station 105-b may determine a Doppler metricassociated with a wireless channel and UE 115-b. For example, theDoppler metric may be a determined metric or value such as, but notlimited to, metrics or values associated with techniques for calculatingDoppler shifts, Doppler spreads, or other useful characteristics relatedto the Doppler effect. If UE 115-b sent UL data in operation 505-a, theDoppler metric determination may include measuring Doppler effectsassociated with UL data received. If the UL transmission of operation505-a included information related to Doppler effects measured by UE115-b, the Doppler metric determination may be based on the receivedinformation. In some cases, UE 115-b may directly send an indication ofthe Doppler metric to base station 105-b in operation 505-a, in whichcase the determination may entail receiving the Doppler metric.

At operation 515-a, base station 105-b may select an RS densityconfiguration based at least in part on the Doppler metric determined inoperation 510-a. The selection of the RS density configuration mayinclude identifying a Doppler classification associated with the Dopplermetric from operation 510-a, where the Doppler classification is used toselect an RS density configuration from a set of RS densityconfigurations. Operation 515-a may be repeated any time operation 510-ais repeated (e.g., if an additional Doppler metric is determined). Forexample, if an additional Doppler metric is determined to indicate ahigher Doppler shift value than the original Doppler metric, an RSdensity having more RSs per TTI may be selected.

At operation 520-a, base station 105-b may send a DL transmission to UE115-b. The DL transmission may include an indication of the RS densityconfiguration selected in operation 515-a. The RS density configurationindication may be transmitted via a signaling radio bearer channel or ina resource grant to UE 115-b. In some cases, the DL transmission mayinclude a DL data burst that includes RSs and data in accordance withthe RS density configuration selected in operation 515-a.

In some cases, at operation 525-a, UE 115-b may optionally transmit anUL data burst including RSs and data in accordance with the RS densityconfiguration selected in operation 515-a.

FIG. 5B illustrates an example of a process flow 500-b for high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure. Process flow 500-b may include base station105-c and UE 115-c, which may be examples of the corresponding devicesdescribed with reference to FIG. 1-2.

At operation 505-b, base station 105-c may determine a Doppler conditionassociated with a wireless channel and UE 115-c. At operation 510-b,base station 105-c may select a wireless channel estimation techniquefrom a set of wireless channel estimations techniques based at least inpart on the Doppler condition determined in operation 505-b. A causalwireless channel estimation technique may be selected if the determinedDoppler condition is below a threshold (e.g., satisfies a threshold). Insome examples, the Doppler condition can be derived from or related tothe Doppler metric, and the threshold can be predetermined as a point atwhich the Doppler effects may cause data transmission errors for aparticular modulation and coding scheme or other transmissioncharacteristic). Alternatively, a non-causal wireless channel estimationtechnique may be selected if the determined Doppler condition is abovethe threshold (e.g., satisfies the threshold). In some cases, a firstthreshold may be used for determining that the Doppler condition isbelow that first threshold, and a second threshold may be used fordetermining whether the Doppler condition is above that secondthreshold. The first and second thresholds may be the same value ordifferent values.

At operation 515-b, base station 105-c may send a DL transmission to UE115-c. The transmission may include an indication to communicate usingthe wireless channel estimation technique selected in operation 510-b.The indication may be transmitted to UE 115-c via a DL signaling radiobearer channel, a resource grant to UE 115-c, or bits associated withdownlink control information (DCI).

In some cases, the DL transmission may further include a DL data burstincluding RSs and data such that the data is between two RSs in the lastTTI of the DL data burst. In some implementation, a portion of the lastTTI of the DL data burst does not include any data for UE 115-c todecode.

At operation 525-b, UE 115-c may send an UL transmission to base station105-c. The UL transmission may include an UL data burst that includesRSs and data such that two sets of RSs are included in a last TTI of theUL data burst. In some cases, the UL transmission may include a requestto switch to a non-causal wireless channel estimation technique. Therequest may be received by base station 105-c via an UL signaling radiobearer channel.

FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a wireless device 600 that supports highDoppler channel performance enhancement in accordance with variousaspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device 600 may be an exampleof aspects of a base station 105 described with reference to FIGS. 1 and2. Wireless device 600 may include receiver 605, base station highDoppler manager 610 and transmitter 615. Wireless device 600 may alsoinclude a processor. Each of these components may be in communicationwith each other.

The receiver 605 may receive information such as packets, user data, orcontrol information associated with various information channels (e.g.,control channels, data channels, and information related to high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement, etc.). Information may be passed on toother components of the device. The receiver 605 may be an example ofaspects of the transceiver 925 described with reference to FIG. 9.

The base station high Doppler manager 610 may determine a Dopplercondition associated with a wireless channel and a UE, select, from aset of wireless channel estimation techniques and based on the Dopplercondition, a wireless channel estimation technique associated withcommunicating with the UE, and transmit an indication to communicateusing the wireless channel estimation technique.

The base station high Doppler manager 610 may also determine a Dopplermetric associated with a wireless channel and a UE, select a firstreference signal density configuration based on the Doppler metric, andtransmit an indication of the first reference signal densityconfiguration. The base station high Doppler manager 610 may also be anexample of aspects of the base station high Doppler manager 905described with reference to FIG. 9.

The transmitter 615 may transmit signals received from other componentsof wireless device 600. In some examples, the transmitter 615 may becollocated with a receiver in a transceiver module. For example, thetransmitter 615 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 925described with reference to FIG. 9. The transmitter 615 may include asingle antenna, or it may include a plurality of antennas.

FIG. 7 shows a diagram of a wireless device 700 that supports highDoppler channel performance enhancement in accordance with variousaspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device 700 may be an exampleof aspects of a wireless device 600 or a base station 105 described withreference to FIGS. 1, 2, and 6. Wireless device 700 may include receiver705, base station high Doppler manager 710 and transmitter 750. Wirelessdevice 700 may also include a processor. Each of these components may bein communication with each other.

The receiver 705 may receive information which may be passed on to othercomponents of the device. The receiver 705 may also perform thefunctions described with reference to the receiver 605 of FIG. 6. Thereceiver 705 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 925described with reference to FIG. 9.

The base station high Doppler manager 710 may be an example of aspectsof base station high Doppler manager 610 described with reference toFIG. 6. The base station high Doppler manager 710 may include Dopplermetric component 715, density indication component 720, RS densitycomponent 725, Doppler condition component 730, non-causal channelestimation component 735, channel estimation selection component 740 andchannel estimation indication component 745. The base station highDoppler manager 710 may be an example of aspects of the base stationhigh Doppler manager 905 described with reference to FIG. 9.

The Doppler metric component 715 may determine a Doppler metric. Forexample, the Doppler metric component 715 may determine the Dopplermetric based on the Doppler effects associated with the UL data receivedfrom the UE, determine the Doppler metric based on the informationrelated to the Doppler effects measured by the UE, determine anadditional Doppler metric associated with the wireless channel and theUE, determine that the additional Doppler metric indicates a higherDoppler shift value than the Doppler metric, and determine a Dopplermetric associated with a wireless channel and a UE.

In some cases, determining the Doppler metric includes measuring Dopplereffects associated with UL data received from the UE. In some cases,determining the Doppler metric includes receiving information related toDoppler effects measured by the UE. In some cases, determining theDoppler metric includes receiving an indication of the Doppler metricfrom the UE.

The density indication component 720 may transmit an indication of thefirst reference signal density configuration. In some cases,transmitting, by the base station to the UE, the indication of the firstreference signal density configuration includes transmitting, via a SRBchannel, the indication of the first reference signal densityconfiguration. In some cases, transmitting, by the base station to theUE, the indication of the first reference signal density configurationincludes transmitting, via a resource grant to the UE, the indication ofthe first reference signal density configuration.

The RS density component 725 may determine a reference signal density.For example, the RS density component 725 may select a first referencesignal density configuration from a set of reference signal densityconfigurations based on the first Doppler classification, determine asecond reference signal density configuration based on the additionalDoppler metric, the second reference signal density configuration havingmore reference signals per transmit time interval than the firstreference signal density configuration, and select a first referencesignal density configuration based on the Doppler metric. In some cases,selecting the first reference signal density configuration includesidentifying a first Doppler classification associated with the Dopplermetric.

The Doppler condition component 730 may determine a Doppler conditionassociated with a wireless channel and a UE. The non-causal channelestimation component 735 may select a non-causal wireless channelestimation technique as the wireless channel estimation technique,receive, from the UE, a request to switch to communicating using anon-causal wireless channel estimation technique, and receive, via an ULSRB channel, a request to switch to communicating using the non-causalwireless channel estimation technique. In some cases, selecting thewireless channel estimation technique includes determining that theDoppler condition is above a threshold (e.g., satisfies a threshold).

The channel estimation selection component 740 may select, from a set ofwireless channel estimation techniques and, based at least in part onthe Doppler condition, a wireless channel estimation techniqueassociated with communicating with the UE.

The channel estimation indication component 745 may transmit anindication to communicate using the wireless channel estimationtechnique. In some cases, transmitting, by the base station to the UE,the indication to communicate using the wireless channel estimationtechnique includes transmitting, via a DL SRB channel, the indication tocommunicate using the wireless channel estimation technique.

In some cases, transmitting, by the base station to the UE, theindication to communicate using the wireless channel estimationtechnique includes transmitting, via a resource grant to the UE, theindication to communicate using the wireless channel estimationtechnique. In some cases, transmitting, by the base station to the UE,the indication to communicate using the wireless channel estimationtechnique includes transmitting, via one or more bits associated withDCI, the indication to communicate using the wireless channel estimationtechnique.

The transmitter 750 may transmit signals received from other componentsof wireless device 700. In some examples, the transmitter 750 may becollocated with a receiver in a transceiver module. For example, thetransmitter 750 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 925described with reference to FIG. 9. The transmitter 750 may utilize asingle antenna, or it may utilize a plurality of antennas.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a base station high Doppler manager 800 whichmay be an example of the corresponding component of wireless device 600or wireless device 700. That is, base station high Doppler manager 800may be an example of aspects of base station high Doppler manager 610 orbase station high Doppler manager 710 described with reference to FIGS.6 and 7. The base station high Doppler manager 800 may also be anexample of aspects of the base station high Doppler manager 905described with reference to FIG. 9.

The base station high Doppler manager 800 may include density indicationcomponent 805, RS density component 810, Doppler metric component 815,non-causal channel estimation component 820, channel estimationindication component 825, causal channel estimation component 830, ULdata burst component 835, DL data burst component 840, channelestimation selection component 845 and Doppler condition component 850.Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with oneanother (e.g., via one or more buses).

The density indication component 805 may transmit an indication of thefirst reference signal density configuration. The RS density component810 may select the first reference signal density configuration from aset of reference signal density configurations based on the firstDoppler classification, determine a second reference signal densityconfiguration based on the additional Doppler metric, the secondreference signal density configuration having more reference signals pertransmit time interval than the first reference signal densityconfiguration, and select a first reference signal density configurationbased on the Doppler metric.

The Doppler metric component 815 may determine a Doppler metric based onthe Doppler effects associated with the UL data received from the UE,determine the Doppler metric based on the information related to theDoppler effects measured by the UE, determine an additional Dopplermetric associated with the wireless channel and the UE, determine thatthe additional Doppler metric indicates a higher Doppler shift valuethan the Doppler metric, and determine a Doppler metric associated witha wireless channel and a UE.

In some cases, determining the Doppler metric includes measuring Dopplereffects associated with UL data received from the UE. In some cases,determining the Doppler metric includes receiving information related toDoppler effects measured by the UE. In some cases, determining theDoppler metric includes receiving an indication of the Doppler metricfrom the UE.

The non-causal channel estimation component 820 may select a non-causalwireless channel estimation technique as the wireless channel estimationtechnique, receive, from the UE, a request to switch to communicatingusing a non-causal wireless channel estimation technique, and receive,via an UL SRB channel, a request to switch to communicating using thenon-causal wireless channel estimation technique.

The channel estimation indication component 825 may transmit anindication to communicate using the wireless channel estimationtechnique. The causal channel estimation component 830 may select acausal wireless channel estimation technique as the wireless channelestimation technique.

The UL data burst component 835 may receive an UL data burst includingreference signals and data in accordance with the first reference signaldensity configuration, and receive an UL data burst including referencesignals and data such that a first set of reference signals and a secondset of reference signals are included in a last TTI of the UL databurst.

The DL data burst component 840 may transmit a DL data burst includingreference signals and data such that a first set of reference signalsand a second set of reference signals are included in a last TTI of theDL data burst, transmit a DL data burst including reference signals anddata such that a last TTI of the DL data burst for the UE is notscheduled in a last TTI of a DL transmission period that includes otherUEs, and transmit a DL data burst including reference signals and datain accordance with the first reference signal density configuration.

The channel estimation selection component 845 may select, from a set ofwireless channel estimation techniques and based on the Dopplercondition, a wireless channel estimation technique associated withcommunicating with the UE. The Doppler condition component 850 maydetermine a Doppler condition associated with a wireless channel and aUE.

FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a wireless system 900 including a deviceconfigured that supports high Doppler channel performance enhancement inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For example,system 900 may include base station 105-d, which may be an example of awireless device 600, a wireless device 700, or a base station 105 asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 6 through 8. Base station105-d may also include components for bi-directional voice and datacommunications including components for transmitting communications andcomponents for receiving communications. For example, base station 105-dmay communicate bi-directionally with one or more UEs 115.

Base station 105-d may also include base station high Doppler manager905, memory 910, processor 920, transceiver 925, antenna 930, basestation communications module 935 and network communications module 940.Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with oneanother (e.g., via one or more buses). The base station high Dopplermanager 905 may be an example of a base station high Doppler manager asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 6 through 8.

The memory 910 may include random access memory (RAM) and read onlymemory (ROM). The memory 910 may store computer-readable,computer-executable software including instructions that, when executed,cause the processor to perform various functions described herein (e.g.,high Doppler channel performance enhancement, etc.). In some cases, thesoftware 915 may not be directly executable by the processor but maycause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functionsdescribed herein. The processor 920 may include an intelligent hardwaredevice, (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.)

The transceiver 925 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or moreantennas, wired, or wireless links, with one or more networks, asdescribed herein. For example, the transceiver 925 may communicatebi-directionally with a base station 105 or a UE 115. The transceiver925 may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide themodulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulatepackets received from the antennas. In some cases, the wireless devicemay include a single antenna 930. However, in some cases the device mayhave more than one antenna 930, which may be capable of concurrentlytransmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.

The base station communications module 935 may manage communicationswith other base station 105, and may include a controller or schedulerfor controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with otherbase stations 105. For example, the base station communications module935 may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs 115 for variousinterference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or jointtransmission. In some examples, base station communications module-95may provide an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communicationnetwork technology to provide communication between base stations 105.

The network communications module 940 may manage communications with thecore network (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links). For example,the network communications module 940 may manage the transfer of datacommunications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115.

FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a wireless device 1000 that supports highDoppler channel performance enhancement in accordance with variousaspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device 1000 may be anexample of aspects of a UE 115 described with reference to FIGS. 1 and2. Wireless device 1000 may include receiver 1005, UE high Dopplermanager 1010 and transmitter 1015. Wireless device 1000 may also includea processor. Each of these components may be in communication with eachother.

The receiver 1005 may receive information such as packets, user data, orcontrol information associated with various information channels (e.g.,control channels, data channels, and information related to high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement, etc.). Information may be passed on toother components of the device. The receiver 1005 may be an example ofaspects of the transceiver 1325 described with reference to FIG. 13.

The UE high Doppler manager 1010 may receive an indication of a firstreference signal density configuration associated with a Doppler metric,and communicate with a base station in accordance with the firstreference signal density configuration.

The UE high Doppler manager 1010 may also receive a first indication tocommunicate using a causal wireless channel estimation techniqueassociated with a first Doppler condition, and determine to switch fromthe causal wireless channel estimation technique to a non-causalwireless channel estimation technique for communicating with a basestation. The UE high Doppler manager 1010 may also be an example ofaspects of the UE high Doppler manager 1305 described with reference toFIG. 13.

The transmitter 1015 may transmit signals received from other componentsof wireless device 1000. In some examples, the transmitter 1015 may becollocated with a receiver in a transceiver module. For example, thetransmitter 1015 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1325described with reference to FIG. 13. The transmitter 1015 may include asingle antenna, or it may include a plurality of antennas.

FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a wireless device 1100 that supports highDoppler channel performance enhancement in accordance with variousaspects of the present disclosure. Wireless device 1100 may be anexample of aspects of a wireless device 1000 or a UE 115 described withreference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 10. Wireless device 1100 may includereceiver 1105, UE high Doppler manager 1110 and transmitter 1140.Wireless device 1100 may also include a processor. Each of thesecomponents may be in communication with each other.

The receiver 1105 may receive information which may be passed on toother components of the device. The receiver 1105 may also perform thefunctions described with reference to the receiver 1005 of FIG. 10. Thereceiver 1105 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1325described with reference to FIG. 13.

The UE high Doppler manager 1110 may be an example of aspects of UE highDoppler manager 1010 described with reference to FIG. 10. The UE highDoppler manager 1110 may include RS density indication component 1115,RS density based communication component 1120, causal channel estimationcomponent 1125, non-causal channel estimation component 1130 and switchrequest component 1135. The UE high Doppler manager 1110 may be anexample of aspects of the UE high Doppler manager 1305 described withreference to FIG. 13.

The RS density indication component 1115 may receive an indication of afirst reference signal density configuration associated with a Dopplermetric. The RS density based communication component 1120 maycommunicate with a base station in accordance with the first referencesignal density configuration.

The causal channel estimation component 1125 may enable communicationswith a causal channel estimation technique. For example, the causalchannel estimation component 1125 may receive a first indication tocommunicate using a causal wireless channel estimation techniqueassociated with a first Doppler condition. The non-causal channelestimation component 1130 may enable communications using a non-causalchannel estimation technique. For example, the non-causal channelestimation component 1130 may determine to switch from the causalwireless channel estimation technique to a non-causal wireless channelestimation technique for communicating with a base station, and switchfrom the causal wireless channel estimation technique to the non-causalwireless channel estimation technique for communicating with the basestation.

In some cases, determining to switch from the causal wireless channelestimation technique to the non-causal wireless channel estimationtechnique includes receiving a second indication to communicate usingthe non-causal wireless channel estimation technique associated with asecond Doppler condition different from the first Doppler condition. Insome cases, determining to switch from the causal wireless channelestimation technique includes determining, based on Doppler effectsmeasured by the UE, that a Doppler condition is above a threshold (e.g.,satisfies a threshold), the Doppler condition being associated with awireless channel and the UE.

In some cases, determining to switch from the causal wireless channelestimation technique includes receiving, from the base station, anindication to communicate using the non-causal wireless channelestimation technique. In some cases, determining to switch from thecausal wireless channel estimation technique includes receiving, via aDL SRB channel, an indication to communicate using the non-causalwireless channel estimation technique. In some cases, determining toswitch from the causal wireless channel estimation technique includesreceiving, via a resource grant from the base station, an indication tocommunicate using the non-causal wireless channel estimation technique.In some cases, determining to switch from the causal wireless channelestimation technique includes receiving, via one or more bits associatedwith DCI, an indication to communicate using the non-causal wirelesschannel estimation technique.

The switch request component 1135 may transmit, by the UE to the basestation, a request to switch to communication using the non-causalwireless channel estimation technique, and transmit, via an UL SRBchannel, a request to switch to communicating using the non-causalwireless channel estimation technique.

The transmitter 1140 may transmit signals received from other componentsof wireless device 1100. In some examples, the transmitter 1140 may becollocated with a receiver in a transceiver module. For example, thetransmitter 1140 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1325described with reference to FIG. 13. The transmitter 1140 may utilize asingle antenna, or it may utilize a plurality of antennas.

FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a UE high Doppler manager 1200 which may bean example of the corresponding component of wireless device 1000 orwireless device 1100. That is, UE high Doppler manager 1200 may be anexample of aspects of UE high Doppler manager 1010 or UE high Dopplermanager 1110 described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11. The UE highDoppler manager 1200 may also be an example of aspects of the UE highDoppler manager 1305 described with reference to FIG. 13.

The UE high Doppler manager 1200 may include switch request component1205, decoder 1210, non-causal channel estimation component 1215,Doppler information component 1220, RS density based communicationcomponent 1225, RS density support component 1230, UL data burstcomponent 1235, DL data burst component 1240, RS density configurationcomponent 1245, RS density indication component 1250 and causal channelestimation component 1255. Each of these modules may communicate,directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

The switch request component 1205 may transmit, by the UE to the basestation, a request to switch to communication using the non-causalwireless channel estimation technique, and transmit, via an UL SRBchannel, a request to switch to communicating using the non-causalwireless channel estimation technique.

The decoder 1210 may decode the first DL data burst based on the firstreference signal density configuration, decode the second DL data burstbased on the second reference signal density configuration, decode thefirst DL data burst using the causal wireless channel estimationtechnique, and decode the second data burst using the non-causalwireless channel estimation technique.

The non-causal channel estimation component 1215 may determine to switchfrom the causal wireless channel estimation technique to a non-causalwireless channel estimation technique for communicating with a basestation, and switch from the causal wireless channel estimationtechnique to the non-causal wireless channel estimation technique forcommunicating with the base station. The Doppler information component1220 may transmit information related to Doppler effects measured by theUE, and transmit an indication of a first Doppler metric for determiningwhether to change reference signal density configurations.

The RS density based communication component 1225 may communicate with abase station in accordance with the first reference signal densityconfiguration. The RS density support component 1230 may transmit anindication of one or more supportable reference signal densityconfigurations.

The UL data burst component 1235 may transmit a first UL data burstincluding reference signals and data in accordance with the causalwireless channel estimation technique, and transmit a second UL databurst including reference signals and data in accordance with thenon-causal wireless channel estimation technique. In some cases,communicating with the base station includes transmitting an UL databurst including reference signals and data in accordance with the firstreference signal density configuration.

The DL data burst component 1240 may receive a second DL data burstincluding reference signals and data in accordance with the secondreference signal density configuration, receive a first DL data burstincluding reference signals and data in accordance with the causalwireless channel estimation technique, and receive a second data burstincluding reference signals and data in accordance with the non-causalwireless channel estimation technique. In some cases, communicating withthe base station includes receiving a first downlink data burstincluding reference signals and data in accordance with the firstreference signal density configuration.

The RS density configuration component 1245 may receive an indication ofa second reference signal density configuration different from the firstreference signal density configuration, the second reference signaldensity configuration having more reference signals per transmit timeinterval than the first reference signal density configuration, andtransmit an indication of a suggested reference signal densityconfiguration.

The RS density indication component 1250 may receive an indication of afirst reference signal density configuration associated with a Dopplermetric. The causal channel estimation component 1255 may receive a firstindication to communicate using a causal wireless channel estimationtechnique associated with a first Doppler condition.

FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system 1300 including a device thatsupports high Doppler channel performance enhancement in accordance withvarious aspects of the present disclosure. For example, system 1300 mayinclude UE 115-f, which may be an example of a wireless device 1000, awireless device 1100, or a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGS.1, 2, and 10 through 12.

UE 115-f may also include UE high Doppler manager 1305, memory 1310,processor 1320, transceiver 1325, antenna 1330 and ECC module 1335. Eachof these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with oneanother (e.g., via one or more buses). The UE high Doppler manager 1305may be an example of a UE high Doppler manager as described withreference to FIGS. 10 through 12.

The memory 1310 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 1310 may storecomputer-readable, computer-executable software including instructionsthat, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functionsdescribed herein (e.g., high Doppler channel performance enhancement,etc.). In some cases, the software 1315 may not be directly executableby the processor but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled andexecuted) to perform functions described herein. The processor 1320 mayinclude an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a CPU, a microcontroller,an ASIC, etc.)

The transceiver 1325 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or moreantennas, wired, or wireless links, with one or more networks, asdescribed herein. For example, the transceiver 1325 may communicatebi-directionally with a base station 105 or a UE 115. The transceiver1325 may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide themodulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulatepackets received from the antennas. In some cases, the wireless devicemay include a single antenna 1330. However, in some cases the device mayhave more than one antenna 930, which may be capable of concurrentlytransmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.

ECC module 1335 may enable operations using enhanced component carriers(eCCs) such as communication using shared or unlicensed spectrum, usingreduced TTIs or subframe durations, or using a large number of componentcarriers.

FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 for high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure. The operations of method 1400 may be implementedby a device such as a base station 105 or its components as describedwith reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the operations of method1400 may be performed by the base station high Doppler manager asdescribed herein. In some examples, the base station 105 may execute aset of codes to control the functional elements of the device to performthe functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the basestation 105 may perform aspects the functions described below usingspecial-purpose hardware.

At block 1405, the base station 105 may determine a Doppler metricassociated with a wireless channel and a UE as described herein withreference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations ofblock 1405 may be performed by the Doppler metric component as describedwith reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 1410, the base station 105 may select a first reference signaldensity configuration based on the Doppler metric as described hereinwith reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, theoperations of block 1410 may be performed by the RS density component asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 1415, the base station 105 may transmit an indication of thefirst reference signal density configuration as described herein withreference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations ofblock 1415 may be performed by the density indication component asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure. The operations of method 1500 may be implementedby a device such as a base station 105 or its components as describedwith reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the operations of method1500 may be performed by the base station high Doppler manager asdescribed herein. In some examples, the base station 105 may execute aset of codes to control the functional elements of the device to performthe functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the basestation 105 may perform aspects the functions described below usingspecial-purpose hardware.

At block 1505, the base station 105 may determine a Doppler metricassociated with a wireless channel and a UE as described herein withreference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations ofblock 1505 may be performed by the Doppler metric component as describedwith reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 1510, the base station 105 may select a first reference signaldensity configuration based on the Doppler metric as described hereinwith reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, theoperations of block 1510 may be performed by the RS density component asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 1515, the base station 105 may transmit an indication of thefirst reference signal density configuration as described herein withreference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations ofblock 1515 may be performed by the density indication component asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 1520, the base station 105 may transmit a DL data burstincluding reference signals and data in accordance with the firstreference signal density configuration as described herein withreference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations ofblock 1520 may be performed by the DL data burst component as describedwith reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure. The operations of method 1600 may be implementedby a device such as a base station 105 or its components as describedwith reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the operations of method1600 may be performed by the base station high Doppler manager asdescribed herein. In some examples, the base station 105 may execute aset of codes to control the functional elements of the device to performthe functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the basestation 105 may perform aspects the functions described below usingspecial-purpose hardware.

At block 1605, the base station 105 may determine a Doppler metricassociated with a wireless channel and a UE as described herein withreference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations ofblock 1605 may be performed by the Doppler metric component as describedwith reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 1610, the base station 105 may select a first reference signaldensity configuration based on the Doppler metric as described hereinwith reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, theoperations of block 1610 may be performed by the RS density component asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 1615, the base station 105 may transmit an indication of thefirst reference signal density configuration as described herein withreference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations ofblock 1615 may be performed by the density indication component asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 1620, the base station 105 may receive an UL data burstincluding reference signals and data in accordance with the firstreference signal density configuration as described herein withreference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations ofblock 1620 may be performed by the UL data burst component as describedwith reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure. The operations of method 1700 may be implementedby a device such as a UE 115 or its components as described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the operations of method 1700may be performed by the UE high Doppler manager as described herein. Insome examples, the UE 115 may execute a set of codes to control thefunctional elements of the device to perform the functions describedbelow. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 may perform aspects thefunctions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At block 1705, the UE 115 may receive an indication of a first referencesignal density configuration associated with a Doppler metric asdescribed herein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certainexamples, the operations of block 1705 may be performed by the RSdensity indication component as described with reference to FIGS. 11 and12.

At block 1710, the UE 115 may communicate with a base station inaccordance with the first reference signal density configuration asdescribed herein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certainexamples, the operations of block 1710 may be performed by the RSdensity based communication component as described with reference toFIGS. 11 and 12.

FIG. 18 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 for high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure. The operations of method 1800 may be implementedby a device such as a UE 115 or its components as described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the operations of method 1800may be performed by the UE high Doppler manager as described herein. Insome examples, the UE 115 may execute a set of codes to control thefunctional elements of the device to perform the functions describedbelow. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 may perform aspects thefunctions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At block 1805, the UE 115 may receive an indication of a first referencesignal density configuration associated with a Doppler metric asdescribed herein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certainexamples, the operations of block 1805 may be performed by the RSdensity indication component as described with reference to FIGS. 11 and12.

At block 1810, the UE 115 may communicate with a base station inaccordance with the first reference signal density configuration asdescribed herein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certainexamples, the operations of block 1810 may be performed by the RSdensity based communication component as described with reference toFIGS. 11 and 12.

At block 1815, the UE 115 may communicating with the base stationincludes transmitting an UL data burst including reference signals anddata in accordance with the first reference signal density configurationas described herein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certainexamples, the operations of block 1815 may be performed by the UL databurst component as described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

FIG. 19 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 for high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure. The operations of method 1900 may be implementedby a device such as a UE 115 or its components as described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the operations of method 1900may be performed by the UE high Doppler manager as described herein. Insome examples, the UE 115 may execute a set of codes to control thefunctional elements of the device to perform the functions describedbelow. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 may perform aspects thefunctions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At block 1905, the UE 115 may receive an indication of a first referencesignal density configuration associated with a Doppler metric asdescribed herein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certainexamples, the operations of block 1905 may be performed by the RSdensity indication component as described with reference to FIGS. 11 and12.

At block 1910, the UE 115 may communicate with a base station inaccordance with the first reference signal density configuration asdescribed herein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In some cases,communicating with the base station includes receiving a first downlinkdata burst including reference signals and data in accordance with thefirst reference signal density configuration. In certain examples, theoperations of block 1910 may be performed by the RS density basedcommunication component as described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

At block 1915, the UE 115 may decode the first DL data burst based onthe first reference signal density configuration as described hereinwith reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, theoperations of block 1915 may be performed by the decoder as describedwith reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

At block 1920, the UE 115 may receive an indication of a secondreference signal density configuration different from the firstreference signal density configuration, the second reference signaldensity configuration having more reference signals per transmit timeinterval than the first reference signal density configuration asdescribed herein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certainexamples, the operations of block 1920 may be performed by the RSdensity configuration component as described with reference to FIGS. 11and 12.

At block 1925, the UE 115 may receive a second DL data burst includingreference signals and data in accordance with the second referencesignal density configuration as described herein with reference to FIGS.2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations of block 1925 may beperformed by the DL data burst component as described with reference toFIGS. 11 and 12.

At block 1930, the UE 115 may decode the second DL data burst based onthe second reference signal density configuration as described hereinwith reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, theoperations of block 1930 may be performed by the decoder as describedwith reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

FIG. 20 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2000 for high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure. The operations of method 2000 may be implementedby a device such as a base station 105 or its components as describedwith reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the operations of method2000 may be performed by the base station high Doppler manager asdescribed herein. In some examples, the base station 105 may execute aset of codes to control the functional elements of the device to performthe functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the basestation 105 may perform aspects the functions described below usingspecial-purpose hardware.

At block 2005, the base station 105 may determine a Doppler conditionassociated with a wireless channel and a UE as described herein withreference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations ofblock 2005 may be performed by the Doppler condition component asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 2010, the base station 105 may select, from a set of wirelesschannel estimation techniques and based on the Doppler condition, awireless channel estimation technique associated with communicating withthe UE as described herein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. Incertain examples, the operations of block 2010 may be performed by thechannel estimation selection component as described with reference toFIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 2015, the base station 105 may transmit an indication tocommunicate using the wireless channel estimation technique as describedherein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, theoperations of block 2015 may be performed by the channel estimationindication component as described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

FIG. 21 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2100 for high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure. The operations of method 2100 may be implementedby a device such as a base station 105 or its components as describedwith reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the operations of method2100 may be performed by the base station high Doppler manager asdescribed herein. In some examples, the base station 105 may execute aset of codes to control the functional elements of the device to performthe functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the basestation 105 may perform aspects the functions described below usingspecial-purpose hardware.

At block 2105, the base station 105 may determine a Doppler conditionassociated with a wireless channel and a UE as described herein withreference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations ofblock 2105 may be performed by the Doppler condition component asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 2110, the base station 105 may select, from a set of wirelesschannel estimation techniques and based on the Doppler condition, awireless channel estimation technique associated with communicating withthe UE as described herein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In somecases, selecting the wireless channel estimation technique includesdetermining that the Doppler condition is above a threshold (e.g.,satisfies a threshold). In certain examples, the operations of block2110 may be performed by the channel estimation selection component asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 2115, the base station 105 may select a non-causal wirelesschannel estimation technique as the wireless channel estimationtechnique as described herein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. Incertain examples, the operations of block 2115 may be performed by thenon-causal channel estimation component as described with reference toFIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 2120, the base station 105 may transmit an indication tocommunicate using the wireless channel estimation technique as describedherein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, theoperations of block 2120 may be performed by the channel estimationindication component as described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 2125, the base station 105 may transmit a DL data burstincluding reference signals and data such that a first set of referencesignals and a second set of reference signals are included in a last TTIof the DL data burst as described herein with reference to FIGS. 2through 5B. In certain examples, the operations of block 2125 may beperformed by the DL data burst component as described with reference toFIGS. 7 and 8.

FIG. 22 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2200 for high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure. The operations of method 2200 may be implementedby a device such as a base station 105 or its components as describedwith reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the operations of method2200 may be performed by the base station high Doppler manager asdescribed herein. In some examples, the base station 105 may execute aset of codes to control the functional elements of the device to performthe functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the basestation 105 may perform aspects the functions described below usingspecial-purpose hardware.

At block 2205, the base station 105 may determine a Doppler conditionassociated with a wireless channel and a UE as described herein withreference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations ofblock 2205 may be performed by the Doppler condition component asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 2210, the base station 105 may select, from a set of wirelesschannel estimation techniques and based on the Doppler condition, awireless channel estimation technique associated with communicating withthe UE as described herein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In somecases, selecting the wireless channel estimation technique includesdetermining that the Doppler condition is above a threshold (e.g.,satisfies a threshold). In certain examples, the operations of block2210 may be performed by the channel estimation selection component asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 2215, the base station 105 may select a non-causal wirelesschannel estimation technique as the wireless channel estimationtechnique as described herein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. Incertain examples, the operations of block 2215 may be performed by thenon-causal channel estimation component as described with reference toFIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 2220, the base station 105 may transmit an indication tocommunicate using the wireless channel estimation technique as describedherein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, theoperations of block 2220 may be performed by the channel estimationindication component as described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

At block 2225, the base station 105 may receive an UL data burstincluding reference signals and data such that a first set of referencesignals and a second set of reference signals are included in a last TTIof the UL data burst as described herein with reference to FIGS. 2through 5B. In certain examples, the operations of block 2225 may beperformed by the UL data burst component as described with reference toFIGS. 7 and 8.

FIG. 23 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2300 for high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure. The operations of method 2300 may be implementedby a device such as a UE 115 or its components as described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the operations of method 2300may be performed by the UE high Doppler manager as described herein. Insome examples, the UE 115 may execute a set of codes to control thefunctional elements of the device to perform the functions describedbelow. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 may perform aspects thefunctions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At block 2305, the UE 115 may receive a first indication to communicateusing a causal wireless channel estimation technique associated with afirst Doppler condition as described herein with reference to FIGS. 2through 5B. In certain examples, the operations of block 2305 may beperformed by the causal channel estimation component as described withreference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

At block 2310, the UE 115 may receive a first DL data burst includingreference signals and data in accordance with the causal wirelesschannel estimation technique as described herein with reference to FIGS.2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations of block 2310 may beperformed by the DL data burst component as described with reference toFIGS. 11 and 12.

At block 2315, the UE 115 may decode the first DL data burst using thecausal wireless channel estimation technique as described herein withreference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations ofblock 2315 may be performed by the decoder as described with referenceto FIGS. 11 and 12.

At block 2320, the UE 115 may determine to switch from the causalwireless channel estimation technique to a non-causal wireless channelestimation technique for communicating with a base station as describedherein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, theoperations of block 2320 may be performed by the non-causal channelestimation component as described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

At block 2325, the UE 115 may receive a second data burst includingreference signals and data in accordance with the non-causal wirelesschannel estimation technique as described herein with reference to FIGS.2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations of block 2325 may beperformed by the DL data burst component as described with reference toFIGS. 11 and 12.

At block 2330, the UE 115 may decode the second data burst using thenon-causal wireless channel estimation technique as described hereinwith reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, theoperations of block 2330 may be performed by the decoder as describedwith reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

FIG. 24 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2400 for high Dopplerchannel performance enhancement in accordance with various aspects ofthe present disclosure. The operations of method 2400 may be implementedby a device such as a UE 115 or its components as described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the operations of method 2400may be performed by the UE high Doppler manager as described herein. Insome examples, the UE 115 may execute a set of codes to control thefunctional elements of the device to perform the functions describedbelow. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 may perform aspects thefunctions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At block 2405, the UE 115 may receive a first indication to communicateusing a causal wireless channel estimation technique associated with afirst Doppler condition as described herein with reference to FIGS. 2through 5B. In certain examples, the operations of block 2405 may beperformed by the causal channel estimation component as described withreference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

At block 2410, the UE 115 may transmit a first UL data burst includingreference signals and data in accordance with the causal wirelesschannel estimation technique as described herein with reference to FIGS.2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations of block 2410 may beperformed by the UL data burst component as described with reference toFIGS. 11 and 12.

At block 2415, the UE 115 may determine to switch from the causalwireless channel estimation technique to a non-causal wireless channelestimation technique for communicating with a base station as describedherein with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5B. In certain examples, theoperations of block 2415 may be performed by the non-causal channelestimation component as described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.

At block 2420, the UE 115 may transmit a second UL data burst includingreference signals and data in accordance with the non-causal wirelesschannel estimation technique as described herein with reference to FIGS.2 through 5B. In certain examples, the operations of block 2420 may beperformed by the UL data burst component as described with reference toFIGS. 11 and 12.

It should be noted that these methods describe possible implementation,and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwisemodified such that other implementations are possible. In some examples,aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined. For example,aspects of each of the methods may include steps or aspects of the othermethods, or other steps or techniques described herein. Thus, aspects ofthe disclosure may provide for high Doppler channel performanceenhancement.

The description herein is provided to enable a person skilled in the artto make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosurewill be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the genericprinciples defined herein may be applied to other variations withoutdeparting from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is notto be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to beaccorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novelfeatures disclosed herein.

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, softwareexecuted by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. Ifimplemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may bestored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are withinthe scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to thenature of software, functions described herein can be implemented usingsoftware executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, orcombinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may alsobe physically located at various positions, including being distributedsuch that portions of functions are implemented at different physicallocations. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, “or” as usedin a list of items (for example, a list of items prefaced by a phrasesuch as “at least one of” or “one or more”) indicates an inclusive listsuch that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A orB or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storagemedia and communication media including any medium that facilitatestransfer of a computer program from one place to another. Anon-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that can beaccessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way ofexample, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media cancomprise RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read only memory(EEPROM), compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magneticdisk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any othernon-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired programcode means in the form of instructions or data structures and that canbe accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or ageneral-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection isproperly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the softwareis transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using acoaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line(DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave,then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, orwireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave areincluded in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein,include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD),floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce datamagnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.Combinations of the above are also included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

Techniques described herein may be used for various wirelesscommunications systems such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, single carrierfrequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and other systems. Theterms “system” and “network” are often used interchangeably. A CDMAsystem may implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000, UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95,and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 Releases 0 and A are commonly referred toas CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to asCDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includesWideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA system mayimplement a radio technology such as (Global System for Mobilecommunications (GSM)). An OFDMA system may implement a radio technologysuch as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE802.11, IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA andE-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications system (UniversalMobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)). 3GPP LTE and LTE-advanced(LTE-A) are new releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS,LTE, LTE-a, and GSM are described in documents from an organizationnamed “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB aredescribed in documents from an organization named “3rd GenerationPartnership Project 2” (3GPP2). The techniques described herein may beused for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above as well asother systems and radio technologies. The description herein, however,describes an LTE system for purposes of example, and LTE terminology isused in much of the description above, although the techniques areapplicable beyond LTE applications.

In LTE/LTE-A networks, including networks described herein, the termevolved node B (eNB) may be generally used to describe the basestations. The wireless communications system or systems described hereinmay include a heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A network in which different typesof eNBs provide coverage for various geographical regions. For example,each eNB or base station may provide communication coverage for a macrocell, a small cell, or other types of cell. The term “cell” is a 3GPPterm that can be used to describe a base station, a carrier or componentcarrier (CC) associated with a base station, or a coverage area (e.g.,sector, etc.) of a carrier or base station, depending on context.

Base stations may include or may be referred to by those skilled in theart as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point(AP), a radio transceiver, a NodeB, eNodeB (eNB), Home NodeB, a HomeeNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. The geographic coverage areafor a base station may be divided into sectors making up only a portionof the coverage area. The wireless communications system or systemsdescribed herein may include base stations of different types (e.g.,macro or small cell base stations). The UEs described herein may be ableto communicate with various types of base stations and network equipmentincluding macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, relay base stations, and thelike. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas for differenttechnologies. In some cases, different coverage areas may be associatedwith different communication technologies. In some cases, the coveragearea for one communication technology may overlap with the coverage areaassociated with another technology. Different technologies may beassociated with the same base station, or with different base stations.

A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g.,several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEswith service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell is alower-powered base stations, as compared with a macro cell, that mayoperate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc.)frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may include pico cells,femto cells, and micro cells according to various examples. A pico cell,for example, may cover a small geographic area and may allowunrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the networkprovider. A femto cell may also cover a small geographic area (e.g., ahome) and may provide restricted access by UEs having an associationwith the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEsfor users in the home, and the like). An eNB for a macro cell may bereferred to as a macro eNB. An eNB for a small cell may be referred toas a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, a femto eNB, or a home eNB. An eNB maysupport one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells(e.g., CCs). A UE may be able to communicate with various types of basestations and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs,relay base stations, and the like.

The wireless communications system or systems described herein maysupport synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronousoperation, the base stations may have similar frame timing, andtransmissions from different base stations may be approximately alignedin time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations may havedifferent frame timing, and transmissions from different base stationsmay not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be usedfor either synchronous or asynchronous operations.

The DL transmissions described herein may also be called forward linktransmissions while the UL transmissions may also be called reverse linktransmissions. Each communication link described herein including, forexample, wireless communications system 100 and 200 of FIGS. 1 and 2 mayinclude one or more carriers, where each carrier may be a signal made upof multiple sub-carriers (e.g., waveform signals of differentfrequencies). Each modulated signal may be sent on a differentsub-carrier and may carry control information (e.g., reference signals,control channels, etc.), overhead information, user data, etc. Thecommunication links described herein (e.g., communication links 125 ofFIG. 1) may transmit bidirectional communications using frequencydivision duplex (FDD) (e.g., using paired spectrum resources) or timedivision duplex (TDD) operation (e.g., using unpaired spectrumresources). Frame structures may be defined for FDD (e.g., framestructure type 1) and TDD (e.g., frame structure type 2).

Thus, aspects of the disclosure may provide for high Doppler channelperformance enhancement. It should be noted that these methods describepossible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may berearranged or otherwise modified such that other implementations arepossible. In some examples, aspects from two or more of the methods maybe combined.

The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection withthe disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with ageneral-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, anfield programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device,discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or anycombination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein.A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in thealternative, the processor may be any conventional processor,controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also beimplemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combinationof a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or moremicroprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration). Thus, the functions described herein may be performed byone or more other processing units (or cores), on at least oneintegrated circuit (IC). In various examples, different types of ICs maybe used (e.g., Structured/Platform ASICs, an FPGA, or anothersemi-custom IC), which may be programmed in any manner known in the art.The functions of each unit may also be implemented, in whole or in part,with instructions embodied in a memory, formatted to be executed by oneor more general or application-specific processors.

In the appended figures, similar components or features may have thesame reference label. Further, various components of the same type maybe distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a secondlabel that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the firstreference label is used in the specification, the description isapplicable to any one of the similar components having the same firstreference label irrespective of the second reference label.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication comprising:selecting a reference signal configuration from a plurality of referencesignal configurations, the plurality of reference signal configurationsindicating a plurality of reference signal density configurations and aplurality of decoding processing timelines; and transmitting, by a basestation to a user equipment (UE), an indication of the reference signalconfiguration indicating a first reference signal density configurationand a decoding processing timeline for communicating with the UE.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the plurality of reference signal densityconfigurations comprise a plurality of reference signal positions andreference signal quantities within a transmit time interval.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting, by the basestation, a downlink data burst including reference signals and data inaccordance with the first reference signal density configuration.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, by the base station,an uplink data burst including reference signals and data in accordancewith the first reference signal density configuration.
 5. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: determining a Doppler characteristicassociated with a wireless channel and the UE; and communicating withthe UE in accordance with the first reference signal densityconfiguration and based at least in part on the Doppler characteristic.6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining that a Dopplercharacteristic associated with a wireless channel and the UE satisfies afirst threshold, wherein the decoding processing timeline is associatedwith an extrapolation wireless channel estimation technique; andcommunicating with the UE in accordance with the first reference signaldensity configuration and based at least in part on the Dopplercharacteristic.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:determining that a Doppler characteristic associated with a wirelesschannel and the UE satisfies a second threshold, wherein the decodingprocessing timeline is associated with an interpolation wireless channelestimation technique; and communicating with the UE in accordance withthe first reference signal density configuration and based at least inpart on the Doppler characteristic.
 8. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: determining a Doppler characteristic associated with awireless channel and the UE; determining that the Doppler characteristicindicates a higher Doppler shift value than a previously-determinedDoppler characteristic; and determining a second reference signaldensity configuration based at least in part on the Dopplercharacteristic, the second reference signal density configuration havingmore reference signals per transmit time interval than the firstreference signal density configuration.
 9. The method of claim 1,wherein transmitting, by the base station to the UE, the indication ofthe reference signal configuration comprises: transmitting, via asignaling radio bearer channel, the indication of the reference signalconfiguration.
 10. A method of wireless communication comprising:receiving, by user equipment (UE), an indication of a reference signalconfiguration indicating a first reference signal density configurationand a decoding processing timeline; and receiving one or more referencesignals and data in accordance with the reference signal configuration;and decoding the data based at least in part on the decoding processingtimeline.
 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: determining aDoppler characteristic associated with a wireless channel and a basestation, and wherein receiving one or more reference signals and datacomprises receiving the one or more reference signals and the data fromthe base station in accordance with the reference signal configurationand based at least in part on the Doppler characteristic.
 12. The methodof claim 10, wherein the first reference signal density configuration isindicated from a plurality of reference signal density configurations,the plurality of reference signal density configurations indicating aplurality of reference signal positions and reference signal quantitieswithin a transmission time interval.
 13. The method of claim 10, whereinthe decoding processing timeline is indicated from a plurality ofdecoding processing timelines, the plurality of decoding processingtimelines associated with extrapolation and interpolation wirelesschannel estimation techniques.
 14. The method of claim 10, furthercomprising: transmitting, by the UE, information related to Dopplereffects measured by the UE, and wherein receiving the indication of thereference signal configuration is based at least in part on transmittingthe information related to the Doppler effects.
 15. The method of claim10, wherein communicating with the base station comprises: transmitting,by the UE, an uplink data burst including reference signals and data inaccordance with the first reference signal density configuration. 16.The method of claim 10, further: transmitting, by the UE, an indicationof a suggested reference signal density configuration.
 17. The method ofclaim 10, wherein receiving, by the UE, the indication of the referencesignal configuration comprises: receiving, via a signaling radio bearerchannel, the indication of the reference signal configuration.
 18. Themethod of claim 10, wherein receiving, by the UE, the indication of thereference signal configuration comprises: receiving, via a resourcegrant from the base station, the indication of the reference signalconfiguration.
 19. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions storedin the memory and operable, when executed by the processor, to cause theapparatus to: select a reference signal configuration from a pluralityof reference signal configurations, the plurality of reference signalconfigurations indicating a plurality of reference signal densityconfigurations and a plurality of decoding processing timelines; andtransmit, to a user equipment (UE), an indication of the referencesignal configuration indicating a first reference signal densityconfiguration and a decoding processing timeline for communicating withthe UE.
 20. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: aprocessor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored inthe memory and operable, when executed by the processor, to cause theapparatus to: receive an indication of a reference signal configurationindicating a first reference signal density configuration and a decodingprocessing timeline; receive one or more reference signals and data inaccordance with the reference signal configuration; and decode the databased at least in part on the decoding processing timeline.